Gainsbourg

<fc #808080> Qui est Gainsbourg ?</fc> ====== ======

Dans Gainsbourg, il y a tout. La poésie, l'humour, la provocation, le désespoir, l'amour, le sexe, l'alcool… Gainsbourg, c'est nous tous. Sans faux-nez, beau et laid à la fois. Personnalité singulière de la culture française, Serge Gainsbourg fut bien plus qu'un chanteur. Musicien, compositeur, poète, écrivain, acteur, réalisateur, peintre, “l'homme à la tête de chou” fut avant tout un immense mélodiste et un auteur de génie qui savait manier la langue française avec un talent très personnel.

<fc #808080>Éléments biographiques : </fc> ======

Il nait le 2 avril 1928, du vrai nom de Lucien Ginzburg. Son père, Joseph, juif ashkénaze, est musicien et peintre. Plutôt pianiste classique, il devient à Paris musicien de jazz dans les bars et les boîtes de nuit à la mode. Lucien, se met au piano très jeune, et suit les traces de son père, en se formant au classique puis au jazz.

Pendant la guerre, la famille Ginzburg se réfugie en zone libre, vers Limoges. En 1945, après le retour dans la capitale, Lucien entre au lycée Condorcet dont il est renvoyé assez rapidement. Pratiquant le dessin et la peinture depuis longtemps, Lucien intègre donc l'école des Beaux-Arts. Pour gagner sa vie, Lucien joue du piano dans les bars où son père bénéficie d'une petite notoriété et découvre ainsi le jazz.

En 1958, il choisit le pseudonyme “Gainsbourg” en hommage au peintre anglais Gainsborough, et “Serge” pour souligner ses origines russes. Insatisfait de son travail, il détruit toutes ses toiles.

Ses débuts sur scène sont difficiles, en raison de son physique. Il se surnomme lui-même “L'homme à la tête de chou”, également le titre d'un de ses albums.

Il se crée avec les années, une image d'un poète maudit et provocateur. Les textes de ses chansons jouent souvent sur le double sens et illustrent son goût pour la provocation, en particulier polémique ou érotique. Serge Gainsbourg aime également jouer avec les références littéraires comme Verlaine (Je suis venu te dire que je m'en vais) ou Prévert. Malgré cela il travaille parfois beaucoup la forme poétique de ses textes.

Gainsbourg séduit beaucoup de chanteuses et actrices, souvent renommées pour leur beauté : l'actrice Brigitte Bardot, pour qui il écrit “Initials BB”, ou Jane Birkin, mannequin et chanteuse, mère de son troisième enfant Charlotte Gainsbourg. Après leur séparation, il rencontre « Bambou », Caroline Paulus de son vrai nom, qui lui donne son quatrième et dernier enfant, Lucien Gainsbourg, dit « Lulu ».

Gainsbourg a une influence considérable sur des artistes français comme le groupe Taxi Girl, Renaud ou encore Étienne Daho mais également sur des artistes internationaux tels que Beck Hansen, le groupe Portishead et le compositeur David Holmes.

** Avez-vous bien retenu les mots qui caractérisent la vie de Gainsbourg? Pour le vérifier, faîtes le jeu de mots croisés ci-dessous :**

Les mots qui parlent à/de Gainsbourg

<fc #808080>Gainsbourg, père de la chanson française</fc> ====== // ** Le poinçonneur des Lilas**//

Après avoir écouté la chanson, complétez les paroles avec les mots manquants dans l'exercice ci-dessous :

Remplissez les petits trous!

Pour mieux comprendre les paroles de la chanson, faites l'exercice de Compréhension Orale :

Exercice de Compréhension

** <fc #808080>De Gainsbourg à Gainsbarre</fc>** ======

Interview de S. Gainsbourg sur “Aux armes et cetera”

Avez-vous compris cette interview de Gainsbourg ? Pour le vérifier, faîtes l'exercice ci-dessous ! Les paroles de La Marseillaise en dessous pourront vous aider.

Compréhension de l'Interview

Début de l'hymne national français : La marseillaise écrite par Rouget de Lisle

Allons enfants de la Patrie

Le jour de gloire est arrivé !

Contre nous de la tyrannie

L'étendard sanglant est levé

Entendez-vous dans nos campagnes

Mugir ces féroces soldats?

Ils viennent jusque dans vos bras.

Égorger vos fils, vos compagnes!

Aux armes citoyens

(…)

<fc #808080> Gainsbourg, vie héroïque, le film de Joann Sfar</fc> ======

En 2010 Joann Sfar a réalisé un film sur Gainsbourg. Voici un reportage sur l'idée du film et le témoignage de l'acteur.

Vérifiez si vous avez compris la vidéo en faisant l'exercice ci-dessous.

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      if (InString.length != 0) {
              while ((InString.charAt(InString.length - 1) == '\u0020') || (InString.charAt(InString.length - 1) == '\u000A') || (InString.charAt(InString.length - 1) == '\u000D')){
                      InString = InString.substring(0, InString.length - 1)
              }

              while ((InString.charAt(0) == '\u0020') || (InString.charAt(0) == '\u000A') || (InString.charAt(0) == '\u000D')){
                      InString = InString.substring(1, InString.length)
              }

              while (InString.indexOf('  ') != -1) {
                      x = InString.indexOf('  ')
                      InString = InString.substring(0, x) + InString.substring(x+1, InString.length)
               }

              return InString;
      }

      else {
              return '';
      }

}

function FindLongest(InArray){

if (InArray.length < 1){return -1;}

var Longest = 0;
for (var i=1; i<InArray.length; i++){
	if (InArray[i].length > InArray[Longest].length){
		Longest = i;
	}
}
return Longest;

}

//UNICODE CHARACTER FUNCTIONS function IsCombiningDiacritic(CharNum){

var Result = (((CharNum >= 0x0300)&&(CharNum <= 0x370))||((CharNum >= 0x20d0)&&(CharNum <= 0x20ff)));
Result = Result || (((CharNum >= 0x3099)&&(CharNum <= 0x309a))||((CharNum >= 0xfe20)&&(CharNum <= 0xfe23)));
return Result;

}

function IsCJK(CharNum){

return ((CharNum >= 0x3000)&&(CharNum < 0xd800));

}

//SETUP FUNCTIONS //BROWSER WILL REFILL TEXT BOXES FROM CACHE IF NOT PREVENTED function ClearTextBoxes(){

var NList = document.getElementsByTagName('input');
for (var i=0; i<NList.length; i++){
	if ((NList[i].id.indexOf('Guess') > -1)||(NList[i].id.indexOf('Gap') > -1)){
		NList[i].value = '';
	}
	if (NList[i].id.indexOf('Chk') > -1){
		NList[i].checked = '';
	}
}

}

//EXTENSION TO ARRAY OBJECT function Array_IndexOf(Input){

var Result = -1;
for (var i=0; i<this.length; i++){
	if (this[i] == Input){
		Result = i;
	}
}
return Result;

} Array.prototype.indexOf = Array_IndexOf;

//IE HAS RENDERING BUG WITH BOTTOM NAVBAR function RemoveBottomNavBarForIE(){

if ((C.ie)&&(document.getElementById('Reading') != null)){
	if (document.getElementById('BottomNavBar') != null){
		document.getElementById('TheBody').removeChild(document.getElementById('BottomNavBar'));
	}
}

}

//HOTPOTNET-RELATED CODE

var HPNStartTime = (new Date()).getTime(); var SubmissionTimeout = 30000; var Detail = ''; //Global that is used to submit tracking data

function Finish(){ //If there's a form, fill it out and submit it

if (document.store != null){
	Frm = document.store;
	Frm.starttime.value = HPNStartTime;
	Frm.endtime.value = (new Date()).getTime();
	Frm.mark.value = Score;
	Frm.detail.value = Detail;
	Frm.submit();
}

}

//JCLOZE CORE JAVASCRIPT CODE

function ItemState(){

this.ClueGiven = false;
this.HintsAndChecks = 0;
this.MatchedAnswerLength = 0;
this.ItemScore = 0;
this.AnsweredCorrectly = false;
this.Guesses = new Array();
return this;

}

var Feedback = ''; var Correct = 'Correct! Well done.'; var Incorrect = 'Some of your answers are incorrect. Incorrect answers have been left in place for you to change.'; var GiveHint = 'The next correct letter has been added to the answer.'; var CaseSensitive = false; var YourScoreIs = 'Your score is '; var Finished = false; var Locked = false; var Score = 0; var CurrentWord = 0; var Guesses = ''; var TimeOver = false;

I = new Array();

I[0] = new Array(); I[0][1] = new Array(); I[0][1][0] = new Array(); I[0][1][0][0] = '\u0072\u00E9\u0061\u006C\u0069\u0073\u0061\u0074\u0065\u0075\u0072'; I[0][1][1] = new Array(); I[0][1][1][0]='\u006C\u0027\u0061\u0075\u0074\u0065\u0075\u0072'; I[0][2]='';

I[1] = new Array(); I[1][1] = new Array(); I[1][1][0] = new Array(); I[1][1][0][0] = '\u0072\u00F4\u006C\u0065'; I[1][1][1] = new Array(); I[1][1][1][0]='\u0070\u0065\u0072\u0073\u006F\u006E\u006E\u0061\u0067\u0065'; I[1][2]='';

I[2] = new Array(); I[2][1] = new Array(); I[2][1][0] = new Array(); I[2][1][0][0] = '\u0070\u0061\u0073\u0073\u0069\u006F\u006E'; I[2][2]='';

I[3] = new Array(); I[3][1] = new Array(); I[3][1][0] = new Array(); I[3][1][0][0] = '\u0064\u0065\u0073\u0073\u0069\u006E\u0061\u0074\u0065\u0075\u0072'; I[3][2]='';

I[4] = new Array(); I[4][1] = new Array(); I[4][1][0] = new Array(); I[4][1][0][0] = '\u006A\u0075\u0073\u0074\u0065'; I[4][2]='';

I[5] = new Array(); I[5][1] = new Array(); I[5][1][0] = new Array(); I[5][1][0][0] = '\u006D\u0075\u0072'; I[5][2]='';

I[6] = new Array(); I[6][1] = new Array(); I[6][1][0] = new Array(); I[6][1][0][0] = '\u006D\u0061\u0071\u0075\u0069\u006C\u006C\u0065\u0072'; I[6][2]='';

I[7] = new Array(); I[7][1] = new Array(); I[7][1][0] = new Array(); I[7][1][0][0] = '\u0047\u0061\u0069\u006E\u0073\u0062\u006F\u0075\u0072\u0067'; I[7][2]='';

I[8] = new Array(); I[8][1] = new Array(); I[8][1][0] = new Array(); I[8][1][0][0] = '\u0072\u0065\u0066\u0075\u0073\u0065\u0072'; I[8][2]='';

I[9] = new Array(); I[9][1] = new Array(); I[9][1][0] = new Array(); I[9][1][0][0] = '\u0074\u0068\u00E9\u00E2\u0074\u0072\u0065'; I[9][2]='';

I[10] = new Array(); I[10][1] = new Array(); I[10][1][0] = new Array(); I[10][1][0][0] = '\u0063\u0068\u0061\u006E\u0074'; I[10][2]='';

I[11] = new Array(); I[11][1] = new Array(); I[11][1][0] = new Array(); I[11][1][0][0] = '\u006D\u006F\u0069'; I[11][2]='';

I[12] = new Array(); I[12][1] = new Array(); I[12][1][0] = new Array(); I[12][1][0][0] = '\u0066\u0061\u006E\u0074\u0061\u0073\u006D\u00E9'; I[12][2]='';

I[13] = new Array(); I[13][1] = new Array(); I[13][1][0] = new Array(); I[13][1][0][0] = '\u0070\u006F\u0069\u006E\u00E7\u006F\u006E\u006E\u0065\u0075\u0072'; I[13][2]='';

I[14] = new Array(); I[14][1] = new Array(); I[14][1][0] = new Array(); I[14][1][0][0] = '\u0061\u0072\u006D\u0065\u0073'; I[14][2]='';

State = new Array();

function StartUp(){

RemoveBottomNavBarForIE();

//Show a keypad if there is one (added bugfix for 6.0.4.12)

if (document.getElementById('CharacterKeypad') != null){
	document.getElementById('CharacterKeypad').style.display = 'block';
}

var i = 0;

State.length = 0;
for (i=0; i<I.length; i++){
	State[i] = new ItemState();
}

ClearTextBoxes();

}

function ShowClue(ItemNum){

if (Locked == true){return;}
State[ItemNum].ClueGiven = true;
ShowMessage(I[ItemNum][2]);

}

function SaveCurrentAnswers(){

var Ans = '';
for (var i=0; i<I.length; i++){
	Ans = GetGapValue(i);
	if ((Ans.length > 0)&&(Ans != State[i].Guesses[State[i].Guesses.length-1])){
		State[i].Guesses[State[i].Guesses.length] = Ans;
	}
}

}

function CompileGuesses(){

var F = document.getElementById('store');
if (F != null){
	var Temp = '<?xml version="1.0"?><hpnetresult><fields>';
	var GapLabel = '';
	for (var i=0; i<State.length; i++){
		GapLabel = 'Gap ' + (i+1).toString();
		Temp += '<field><fieldname>' + GapLabel + '</fieldname>';
		Temp += '<fieldtype>student-responses</fieldtype><fieldlabel>' + GapLabel + '</fieldlabel>';
		Temp += '<fieldlabelid>JClozeStudentResponses</fieldlabelid><fielddata>';
		for (var j=0; j<State[i].Guesses.length; j++){
			if (j>0){Temp += '| ';}
			Temp += State[i].Guesses[j] + ' ';	
		}	
		Temp += '</fielddata></field>';
	}
	Temp += '</fields></hpnetresult>';
	Detail = Temp;
}

}

function CheckAnswers(){

if (Locked == true){return;}
SaveCurrentAnswers();
var AllCorrect = true;

//Check each answer

for (var i = 0; i<I.length; i++){

	if (State[i].AnsweredCorrectly == false){

//If it's right, calculate its score

		if (CheckAnswer(i, true) > -1){
			var TotalChars = GetGapValue(i).length;
			State[i].ItemScore = (TotalChars-State[i].HintsAndChecks)/TotalChars;
			if (State[i].ClueGiven == true){State[i].ItemScore /= 2;}
			if (State[i].ItemScore <0 ){State[i].ItemScore = 0;}
			State[i].AnsweredCorrectly = true;

//Drop the correct answer into the page, replacing the text box

			SetCorrectAnswer(i, GetGapValue(i));
		}
		else{

//Otherwise, increment the hints for this item, as a penalty

			State[i].HintsAndChecks++;

//then set the flag

			AllCorrect = false;
		}
	}
}

//Calculate the total score

var TotalScore = 0;
for (i=0; i<State.length; i++){
	TotalScore += State[i].ItemScore;
}
TotalScore = Math.floor((TotalScore * 100)/I.length);

//Compile the output

Output = '';

if (AllCorrect == true){
	Output = Correct + '<br />';
}

Output += YourScoreIs + ' ' + TotalScore + '%.<br />';
if (AllCorrect == false){
	Output += Incorrect;
}
ShowMessage(Output);
setTimeout('WriteToInstructions(Output)', 50);

Score = TotalScore;
CompileGuesses();

if ((AllCorrect == true)||(Finished == true)){

	TimeOver = true;
	Locked = true;
	Finished = true;
	setTimeout('Finish()', SubmissionTimeout);
}

}

function TrackFocus(BoxNumber){

CurrentWord = BoxNumber;
InTextBox = true;

}

function LeaveGap(){

InTextBox = false;

}

function CheckBeginning(Guess, Answer){

var OutString = '';
var i = 0;
var UpperGuess = '';
var UpperAnswer = '';

if (CaseSensitive == false) {
	UpperGuess = Guess.toUpperCase();
	UpperAnswer = Answer.toUpperCase();
}
else {
	UpperGuess = Guess;
	UpperAnswer = Answer;
}

while (UpperGuess.charAt(i) == UpperAnswer.charAt(i)) {
	OutString += Guess.charAt(i);
	i++;
}
OutString += Answer.charAt(i);
return OutString;

}

function GetGapValue(GNum){

var RetVal = '';
if ((GNum<0)||(GNum>=I.length)){return RetVal;}
if (document.getElementById('Gap' + GNum) != null){
	RetVal = document.getElementById('Gap' + GNum).value;
	RetVal = TrimString(RetVal);
}
else{
	RetVal = State[GNum].Guesses[State[GNum].Guesses.length-1];
}
return RetVal;

}

function SetGapValue(GNum, Val){

if ((GNum<0)||(GNum>=I.length)){return;}
if (document.getElementById('Gap' + GNum) != null){
	document.getElementById('Gap' + GNum).value = Val;
	document.getElementById('Gap' + GNum).focus();
}

}

function SetCorrectAnswer(GNum, Val){

if ((GNum<0)||(GNum>=I.length)){return;}
if (document.getElementById('GapSpan' + GNum) != null){
	document.getElementById('GapSpan' + GNum).innerHTML = Val;
}

}

function FindCurrent() {

var x = 0;
FoundCurrent = -1;

//Test the current word: //If its state is not set to already correct, check the word.

if (State[CurrentWord].AnsweredCorrectly == false){
	if (CheckAnswer(CurrentWord, false) < 0){
		return CurrentWord;
	}
}

x=CurrentWord + 1;
while (x<I.length){
	if (State[x].AnsweredCorrectly == false){
		if (CheckAnswer(x, false) < 0){
			return x;
		}
	}
x++;	
}

x = 0;
while (x<CurrentWord){
	if (State[x].AnsweredCorrectly == false){
		if (CheckAnswer(x, false) < 0){
			return x;
		}
	}
x++;	
}
return FoundCurrent;

}

function CheckAnswer(GapNum, MarkAnswer){

var Guess = GetGapValue(GapNum);
var UpperGuess = '';
var UpperAnswer = '';
if (CaseSensitive == false){
	UpperGuess = Guess.toUpperCase();
}
else{
	UpperGuess = Guess;
}
var Match = -1;
for (var i = 0; i<I[GapNum][1].length; i++){
	if (CaseSensitive == false){
		UpperAnswer = I[GapNum][1][i][0].toUpperCase();
	}
	else{
		UpperAnswer = I[GapNum][1][i][0];
	}
	if (TrimString(UpperGuess) == UpperAnswer){
		Match = i;
		if (MarkAnswer == true){
			State[GapNum].AnsweredCorrectly = true;
		}
	}
}
return Match;

}

function GetHint(GapNum){

Guess = GetGapValue(GapNum);

if (CheckAnswer(GapNum, false) > -1){return ''}
RightBits = new Array();
for (var i=0; i<I[GapNum][1].length; i++){
	RightBits[i] = CheckBeginning(Guess, I[GapNum][1][i][0]);
}
var RightOne = FindLongest(RightBits);
var Result = I[GapNum][1][RightOne][0].substring(0,RightBits[RightOne].length);

//Add another char if the last one is a space

if (Result.charAt(Result.length-1) == ' '){
	Result = I[GapNum][1][RightOne][0].substring(0,RightBits[RightOne].length+1);
}
return Result;

}

function ShowHint(){

if (document.getElementById('FeedbackDiv').style.display == 'block'){return;}
if (Locked == true){return;}
var CurrGap = FindCurrent();
if (CurrGap < 0){return;}

var HintString = GetHint(CurrGap);

if (HintString.length > 0){
	SetGapValue(CurrGap, HintString);
	State[CurrGap].HintsAndChecks += 1;
}
ShowMessage(GiveHint);

}

function TypeChars(Chars){

var CurrGap = FindCurrent();
if (CurrGap < 0){return;}
if (document.getElementById('Gap' + CurrGap) != null){
	SetGapValue(CurrGap, document.getElementById('Gap' + CurrGap).value + Chars);
}

}

//–>

//]]>

</script>

</head>

<body onload=“StartUp()” id=“TheBody” >

<!– BeginTopNavButtons –>

<!– EndTopNavButtons –>

<h2 class="ExerciseTitle">Exercice &#x00E0; trou : Reportage sur le film "Gainsbourg, vie h&#x00E9;ro&#x00EF;que, de Joann Sfar</h2>

<h3 class="ExerciseSubtitle">Gap-fill exercise</h3>

<div id="Instructions">Fill in all the gaps, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. You can also click on the "[?]" button to get a clue. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints or clues!</div>

<!– BeginBottomNavButtons –>

<!– EndBottomNavButtons –>

<!– BeginSubmissionForm –>

<!– EndSubmissionForm –>

</body>

</html>

Et pour aller plus loin, visionnez la bande annonce du film Gainsbourg, vie héroïque :